【Established Date】Tianjin and Tshwane formally established friendly exchange and cooperation relations on June 4th, 2004.

【City Characteristics】Tshwane (formerly known as Pretoria) is the administrative capital of South Africa and the largest cultural center in South Africa. There are many institutions of higher learning, such as South African University, Pretoria University, Engineering College, Teachers College, etc., as well as the largest research institution in South Africa, the Institute of Science and Indus- try, and famous veterinary，fuel and forestry research institutes. Tshwane is a mining city whose suburbs are mining centers for diamond, platinum, gold, tin, iron, chromium and coal.